What is POO and why is it so important?

But, what is it?

POO is a programming paradigm that innovates the way a project is carried out and focuses
on making the development process more understandable and scalable. The intention is to bring programming closer to
how we would express things in real life.
Let's take an example to make it more understandable: If real life were a program and we were all 'objects',
a person would be an object of the human class (mold). This person would have properties (eye color, height,
hair color, etc.) and methods (walk, run, jump, talk, etc.).

Classes

Normally, object-oriented programming starts by creating a class; the place where we will define the
structure of the elements that will be common to the objects. As we mentioned before, the class functions as
a mold that shapes the objects instantiated from it.
The class is the main entity, in it we indicate what the attributes or properties and methods will be that all
variables of that type will have.

Properties

Properties are the values or characteristics that the class has. Properties will allow us to store
specific values that can be modified if desired, but they are not capable of executing an algorithm or
calculation for the return.
It is common for a class to have initial properties (which will be set from the constructor of the class in
question) so that when an object is created, the main properties of it are directly specified from the very beginning.
Properties can be modified externally because by default they are public (from new versions
of Javascript, a private property can be added by adding a ‘#’ at the beginning of its name).

Methods

Methods are functions in our class that can have parameters. They are used when
we want to obtain a result from an algorithm, calculation, external request, etc.
As with common functions, the parameters we send to the method will allow us to customize
the algorithm that it will perform internally and be able to receive a different return value
depending on the parameter value.
Methods are usually named as verbs because they are actions that can be executed from a
class.

Instantiate

The way an instantiated object of a class will be created is as follows: